A dietary energy level of 14.6 MJ kg−1 and protein-to-energy ratio of 20.2 g MJ−1 results in best growth performance and nutrient accretion in silver barb Puntius gonionotus fingerlings

Five iso-nitrogenous (300 g protein kg⁻¹ diet) and iso-lipidic (80 g kg⁻¹ diet) semi-purified experimental diets with variable energy levels of 10.5 (D-1), 12.5 (D-2), 14.6 (D-3), 16.7 (D-4) and 18.8 (D-5) MJ kg⁻¹ diets were fed to Puntius gonionotus fingerlings (average weight 1.79 ± 0.02 g) in triplicate groups (15 healthy fishes per replicate) for a period of 90 days to assess the optimum dietary energy level and protein-to-energy ratio (P/E). Fifteen flow-through cement tanks of 100 L capacity with a flow rate of 0.5 L min⁻¹ were used for rearing the fish. Maximum specific growth rate, protein efficiency ratio, protein productive value, RNA : DNA ratio, whole body protein content, digestive enzyme activity and minimum feed conversion ratio was found in fish-fed diet D-3 with 14.6 MJ kg⁻¹ energy level. There were no improvements in all these parameters with the further rise in dietary energy level. Hence, it may be concluded that the optimum dietary gross energy level for maximum growth and nutrient utilization of silver barb is 14.6 MJ kg⁻¹ diet with a resultant P/E ratio of 20.2 g protein MJ⁻¹ diet, when the dietary protein and lipid are maintained at optimum requirement levels of 300 and 80 g kg⁻¹ diet, respectively, for this species.     

洞庭湖区地下水生物除锰试验研究

通过试验 ,研究了洞庭湖区地下水生物除锰滤池的成熟过程与除锰效果 ,探讨了 pH值、氧化还原电位 (ORP)以及亚铁离子 (Fe2 + )与生物除锰的关系。结果表明 ,石英砂滤池除锰能力与砂层细菌含量密切相关 ;在试验进水水质条件下 ,通过自然培养 ,石英砂生物除锰滤池可在 6 0天内培养成熟 ;在 12m/h的较高滤速下 ,生物滤池仍有良好的除锰、除浊效果和很长的过滤周期 ;当出水 pH为 5～ 8.5时 ,出水含锰量小于 0 .1mg/L ,但当pH <5时 ,出水含锰量随进水 pH值的降低而急剧增加 ;当ORP为 4 30～ 72 0mV时 ,生物滤池具有良好的除锰效果 ;Fe2 + 与生物滤池除锰能力密切相关 .     

银染mRNA差异显示方法在致突变实验中的初步应用

为建立在药物致突变研究中应用银染 m RNA差异显示的方法 ,试验提取未经过 /经过环磷酰胺处理的 Balb/c小鼠肝组织的总 RNA ,并以此为模板 ,采用 d T1 2 CG、d T1 2 AG、d T1 2 GG为锚定引物 ,通过反转录、差异显示 PCR反应 ,以 6 %变性聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳分离差异条带 ,回收后将其再扩增。结果表明 ,RNA投入量为 3μg、镁离子浓度为 1.5～ 2 .0 mm ol/L、退火温度为 4 0℃时 ,扩增的片段条带清晰、背景低 ,差异条带明显 ,再扩增条带单一。银染 m RNA差异显示技术可成功应用于药物致突变的研究。     

Ammonia dynamics in relation to hatching in Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.)

Total ammonia content (T_Amm) and excretion (J_Amm), and ionic content (K⁺, Na⁺, Cl_-) have been studied in embryos and yolk-sac larvae of Atlantic halibut (Hippoglossus hippoglossus L.) maintained in darkness (6 °C and 34% S) or in light (light-arrested, nonon-hatching embryos). The T_Amm of the eggs increased from 250-300 nmol ind^-1 during the first 5-10 days post fertilization (dPF) to 400-500 nmol ind^-1 at the time of natural hatching in darkness. T_Amm did not start to decrease before 2-5 days after hatch, and yolk-sac larvae had a higher T_Amm compared to the light-arrested embryos of the same age and batch. J_Amm increased exponentially rom about 0.05 nmol ind^-1 h^-1 at 10 dPF to about 3 nmol ind^-1 h^-1 at hatch. Embryos undergoing hatching showed a significantly higher J_Amm than non-hatching, light-arrested embryos of the same age. The content of K+ in distilled water rinsed eggs declined from about 0.85 µmol ind^-1 at 2-4 dPF to about 0.15 µmol ind^-1 at hatch, while that of Cl^- remained constant at about t 0.85 µmol in^-1, and that of Na⁺ increased slowly from 0.10 to 0.20 µmol ind^-1 . Based on the measured ions, there was an anionic deficit in the egg, especially during the first week of development. When exposed to increased ambient total ammonia (0-27 mM NH4Cl), no mortality occurred, and no significant increase was found in the T_Amm of the Atlantic halibut egg before 9.2 dPF despite an estimated large inward diffusion gradient for the un-ionized ammonia species (NH₃). The delayed release of T_Amm comp ared to embryos and yolk-sac larvae of other marine teleosts, may relate to the deep-water spawning of the Atlantic halibut, and the buoyancy regulation of the yolk-sac larvae.     

乳状液膜在金属离子测定中的分离富集作用

简要介绍乳状液膜技术在金属离子分析测定中的分离富集作用以及新的研究和应用进展状况。     

碧流河水库鲢、鳙的年龄、生长和资源量的研究

根据１９８９～１９９１年间对碧流河水库鲢、鳙的取样调查分析，对该水库渔获物中鲢、鳙的年龄、生长和可捕群体的资源量进行了初步研究。渔获物中鲢、鳙均以Ⅳ、Ⅴ、Ⅵ龄为主，ＶｏｎＢｅｒｔａｌｌａｎｆｆｙ生长方程适合描述其生长过程。鲢的可捕群体资源量为２．９９×１０￣５ｋｇ，鳙为３．７５×１０￣５ｋｇ。     

STS和GA_3对马铃薯开花结实的影响

通过研究早期喷撒硫代硫酸银（ＳＴＳ）和赤霉素（ＧＡ_３）对马铃薯开花，杂交结实和天然结实的影响，揭示出ＳＴＳ处理能有效抑制马铃薯花和否的脱落，ＧＡ_３能促进马铃薯开花，增加花量。对于易落花落蕾的材料，ＳＴＳ和ＧＡ_３处理均能促进花、蕾发育，增加可授粉花、蕾量，保证杂交结实。对于开花性强的材料，ＳＴＳ和ＧＡ_３既有积极的方面又有消极的影响，需慎重使用。     

mRNA差异显示技术研究进展

运用mRNA差异显示技术可以了解不同细胞或同类细胞在不同发育阶段、不同生理状态下的基因表达状况,为研究生命活动过程提供重要信息.对差异显示技术的基本原理、优缺点以及近年来此方法的改进进行了论述和评价,并对其应用前景进行了简单分析.     

2种碘制剂对异育银鲫鱼苗的急性毒性试验

采用常温静水实验法,分别探讨了聚维酮碘、碘三氧对异育银鲫(Carassius aurutus gibelio)鱼苗(体长1.0～1.5 cm)的急性毒性效应.结果表明,聚维酮碘对异育银鲫鱼苗24 h、48 h、96 h的半致死浓度分别为43.45 mg/L、24.21 mg/L、21.38 mg/L,安全浓度为2.14 mg/L;碘三氧对异育银鲫鱼苗24 h、48 h、96 h的半致死浓度分别为52.36 mg/L、 33.11 mg/L、26.73 mg/L,安全浓度为2.67 mg/L.     

两种聚丙烯酰胺凝胶银染方法的比较

比较了两种聚丙烯酰胺凝胶的DNA染色方法。对小麦SSR扩增产物的染色结果显示,改进的Bassam银染法颜色背景浅,灵敏度较高,能够看到副带染色。改进的Sanguinetti方法对条带的鉴别力稍差,但因省时省力,成本较低可用于大规模引物筛选时的染色。